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The OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS) is the standard rule set used with ModSecurity.

If you are a WordPress admin, you will probably hear news of hackers exploiting vulnerabilities in WordPress plugins and themes every once in a while.

Its essential that you deploy a WAF on your web server, especially when you have old applications that dont receive updates.

ModSecurity is originally created by Ivan Risti in 2002, currently maintained by Trustwave SpiderLabs.

Its the worlds most widely deployed WAF, used by over a million websites.

The difference is that they work on layer 3 and 4 of the OSI model and take actions based on IP address and port number.

It could work with Nginx before version 3.0 but suffered from poor performance.

Its a milestone release, particularly for Nginx users, as its the first version to work natively with Nginx.

The caveat of ModSecurity 3 is that it doesnt yet have all the features as in the previous version (2.9), though each new release will add some of the missing features.

However, not every Nginx binary shipped from the default DebianUbuntu repository is compiled with the --with-compat argument.

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To make things easier, we can install the latest version of Nginx from the ondrejnginx-mainline PPA, which is maintained by a Debian developer.

However, the ondrejnginx-mainline PPA provides extra dynamic modules that you might find useful, such as the Brotli module.

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We also need to enable the source code repository in order to download Nginx source code.

Run the following command to make a nginx directory under usrlocalsrc to store the Nginx source code package.

I have 4 CPU cores on my server, so I specify 4 jobs ( -j4 ) for make to speed up the compilation process.

Using swap space on SSD servers can be detrimental to system performance.

We will not compile Nginx itself, but compile the ModSecurity Nginx Connector module only.

The --with-compat flag will make the module binary-compatible with your existing Nginx binary.

Next, create the etcnginxmodsec directory to store ModSecurity configuration.

Change it to the following, so ModSecurity will detect and block web attacks.

For beginners, its a good idea to install existing rule sets, so you can get started quickly and then learn the nitty-gritty down the road.

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